Army Corps of Engineers

It’s High Time We Envisioned a Different River

In 1891, the Corps began building a six-foot deep navigation channel along the Missouri from the river’s mouth to Kansas City.  In order to constrict the Missouri’s channel area and deepen the stream to six feet, Army engineers erected thousands of pile dikes and revetments along the river’s bank line.  It took the Corps over four decades to complete that navigation channel.  On June 27, 1932, in a ceremony at Kansas City’s waterfront, the bombastic Secretary of War, Patrick Hurley, declared the channel open to barge traffic.  But barge operators stayed clear of the Missouri.  The railroads and highways between St. Louis and Kansas City carried products cheaper and faster than the river route.

In the mid-1930s, the Roosevelt administration authorized and funded the extension of the six-foot navigation channel northward to Sioux City.  Federal officials believed a longer navigation channel, which extended further inland and opened a larger market area to river traffic, would surely attract barge operators to the stream.  In 1940, the Corps completed the navigation channel to Sioux City.  But the hoped-for barge traffic still did not materialize because the railroads continued to provide a cost-effective alternative. Continue Reading »

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On the Plains with the Grand Old Army

In July 1986, a convoy of dark green jeeps, deuce and half trucks, and Dodge Ram trucks rumbled down Interstate 80 through Nebraska at a steady 55 mph clip; it’s destination – the Fort Carson Military Reserve near Colorado Springs, Colorado.  I sat in one of the lead vehicles.  On my left, behind the wheel of a Ram, sat Staff Sergeant Ray Schmidt. Schmidt was the head of the battalion’s S1, or administrative section.  I worked for Schmidt.  I liked Schmidt.  I respected him.  He was a good man.

Behind us, in another Ram, were two other members of the S1 section, a private and a specialist four.  I don’t remember the names of either one of them.  But I do remember some of their personal attributes.  So I will refer to them as Private Rocker and Specialist Slacker. Continue Reading »

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Down the Missouri, Part I: Stuck in the UL Bend

In late May 2003, Todd Siefker and I pushed our sixteen-and-a-half-foot, cherry red Bell Canoe Works canoe into the Missouri River at Fort Benton, Montana.  From there (the traditional head of Missouri River steamboat traffic) we planned on canoeing all the way to Sioux City, Iowa, a total river distance of 1,344 miles.  Oh, it was a grand, bold, and in hindsight, absolutely unrealistic, plan.  But we were confident in our skills as outdoorsmen, in prime physical condition, and neither one of us was tied down by a mortgage, a cubicle job, or any dependent children.  In our minds, the trip appeared not only possible – but also incredibly adventurous.  As a matter of fact, it was going to be a blast, a hoot, a hell of a lot of fun.  Tackling hundreds of miles of winding, capricious river and six of the world’s largest reservoirs – no problem.  Confronting rain, wind, cold, and heat – no problem.  Facing the possibility of death by drowning, injury by odd accident, or a bullet wound from an armed, xenophobic, rural Montanan – no problemo.  We’d deal with the challenges as they arose.  We’d overcome, we’d make it to goddamn Sioux City (or as only those with roots there have a right to call it – Sewer City).  We’d arrive in that cow town triumphant, modern-day explorers – heralded by the local media as men of daring. Continue Reading »

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More Corn or Fewer Floods? We Have A Choice To Make

Neither God, nor freak rain events, or the tiny piping plover caused the Missouri River flood of 2011.  Rather, humans, and their ignorance, greed, and hubris, brought the floodwaters down upon this area.

The Army Corps deserves much of the blame for the flood.  The Army kept the Montana and Dakota reservoirs high when the impoundments should have been low.  Consequently, the reservoirs did not have enough storage space to capture the descending super flood.  To prevent the dams from being overtopped and washed away, the Army released unprecedented amounts of water from Gavin’s Point Dam. Continue Reading »

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Buffalo Roads and River Bottoms: Restoring an Ancient Ecology

An ancient mammalian road network once crisscrossed the northern reaches of what is now the United States.  Its trails had existed since the last ice age.  For thousands of years, large mammals – such as the wooly mammoth, saber-toothed tiger, sloth, bison antiques and later bison bison, cut pathways across the land.  Over the years, the mammal trails became deeper and wider from the incessant pounding of hooves.  Even before humans arrived on the continent, bison, deer, and elk located the routes of least resistance through the landscape.  After the peopling of North America, humans adopted those same roads for their own use. Continue Reading »

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The Corps’ Intransigence and the Reasons for It

On Thursday, November 3, 2011, members of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers met with the public in Sioux City, Iowa, to discuss the flood of 2011 and the management of the Missouri River in the months ahead.  The public finally had a chance to vent its anger at the object of its long-held scorn – and vent it did.  When the clean-cut, straight-laced Brigadier General John McMahon took the podium and told the surly crowd that he continued to have full confidence in the skills and abilities of his Missouri River reservoir operations staff – the same staff that determined the reservoir release schedule this past spring with such disastrous results – the audience erupted in a cacophony of catcalls and boos.  But the general, who appeared in front of the throngs in his battle dress uniform, stared back at the seething mass of humanity and repeated the statement a second time – to more boos and sighs. Continue Reading »

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Reservoir Operations and the Army’s Legal Fears

In the last week of May 2011, the Army informed residents of the Missouri Valley that it planned on releasing an “unprecedented” quantity of floodwater from its Missouri River main-stem dams. Officials told a stunned public that high flows would emanate from the big dams within just days and would inundate vast portions of the valley from Montana through the state of Missouri. People wondered then, and still wonder now, how a flood of such size and duration could occur with the presence of six of the world’s largest storage reservoirs situated along the Missouri.

Since May, Brigadier General John McMahon (the overall commander for the Missouri River) Colonel Robert Ruch (the head of the Omaha District, which is charged with determining the reservoir release schedule for each of the upstream dams) and Jody Farhat (the reservoir operations manager in Omaha) have promoted a very specific interpretation of the flood of 2011. Continue Reading »

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Missouri Basin Governors – Still Keeping Secrets

On Monday, October 17, 2011, Missouri basin governors or their representatives will meet for the second time this year with Army officials in Omaha, Nebraska, to discuss the future management of the Missouri River.  The governors and Army officials held their first meeting back in mid-August.  We never learned what the governors and the Army discussed or decided during that earlier meeting because the six GOP governors and one Democrat (Jay Nixon, D-MO) barred the public and the press from the proceedings. Governor Schwietzer (D-MT) did not attend the first meeting because he believed the gathering should be open to the public.  He wanted transparency and a democratic process to prevail.  He failed to achieve both objectives. Continue Reading »

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The Decatur Dryland Bridge and the “Impetuous” Missouri

In 1946, the Burt County (Nebraska) Bridge Commission sought the approval of the federal government (which has authority over the Missouri River) to build a bridge over the river linking Decatur, Nebraska, with Onawa, Iowa.  Government officials approved the request with one stipulation.  The new bridge had to be built over the planned course of the yet-to-be-constructed navigation channel, rather than over the existing course of the river, which flowed 500 feet to the east. Continue Reading »

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Our Technology Has Failed Us

This year, the Missouri defeated the sophisticated and expensive hydraulic system built to contain it.  Neither the Army’s gigantic earthen dams, high levees, nor its thousands of pile dikes and revetments could stop the Missouri from inundating its valley from Montana south to the state of Missouri.  This is not the first time the Missouri has confounded the efforts of the Army to control it.  As a matter of fact, the river has defied the federal engineers since the nineteenth century – and it will do so again.  It is why the Missouri is known as the “Mighty Mo.” Continue Reading »

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    • "Dakota Country" will publish one of my articles in an upcoming issue. It examines the Army's past efforts at widening the Lower Missouri. 3 months ago

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